Roofing.



C. RUSSELL.

ROOFING.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 27, 1913.,

1,070,738, l Patented Aug.19,1913.

` Ffa l ruim YAN, NEW Yom;

noornvef.

1,070,738, y speeiacation of Lemiers Patent. Patented Aug. 19, 1913:.paritaria-n nea nach 2v, 191e. semi no. 757,069. To all 'whm t may conmis a perspective view of onetof the shingles A spec'ication.

'sil-Aras caLvI RUSSELL, or reim PATENT orricn.

YA, New ronx, AssIGNon 'ro CARRIE H. RUSSELL, or

Be it known that I, CaLviN Rnssntt,

citizen of the United States, and resident o'f Penn Yan, county ofYates, and State .of NewV` York, have invented an Improvement inRoofing, of which thefollowing 1s a The object of ,my invention is toprovide roof covering of felt paper shin les embodyingsuch shape andsuch corre ation in use, that not only is a very tight or waterproofroof provided, but the same 1s secured at a. low c'ost bothY as torawshingle material and forerectio'n expenses.

My improved shingles are cut from sheets4 of felt paper preferably'impregnated with a compound such as asphaltum and to the outer surfaceof which is applied vitreous material such as sand or crushed slate orgranite to give to it a degree of-iire-proofedness andmore durabilityagainst inclement weather than the paper alone would provide; the saidshingles being five-sided, in which the three lower edges form arectangular body from the upper edges of which the remainingr two edgesextend upward and toward each other to form an inverted V, thepreferable length of ,this pointed upper end being approximately twicethe length of the lower tor rectangular body.

My invention further consists of a roof covering Vof the shingles abovedescribed when overlapped -vertically and laterally, the seams beingstaggered in ad3acent rows and in, alinement with the V direction ofgreatest length in the pointed ends of the shingles of the next lowerrow, the said shingles in use being bent or set on curves both in thedirection Aof their length and width so as to fit snugly upon each otherand form close seams.

My invention also comprehends details Vof construction which, togetherwith the features above specied, wlllbe better uiiderstood byreferenceto the drawings, in

' which Figure l is a plan'view'lopliing down upon a roof coveringembodying my 1m- 'proveinents, with Vthe shingles applied so as to showtheir construction and mode 'of'ap- 'plication; Fig, 2 is a verticalcross section and Fig. 5 is a plan view of a sheet of prepared feltpaper-showing how my improved -shlngles 'may-be economically -cut so asto provide the greatest lnumber of shingles from the smallest sheet.'v

The. shape ofthe shingle is best shown in Fig. 4, i'n which) isthe body,having approzgimately one-third of the height with a straight transverselower edge 1la and two side edgesv 11 at right angles tothe said bot'-tom edge, and having the remaining approxnnately two-thirds of theheight formed two inclined edges 12 meeting atthe apex, said edgeshaving their lower'ends respec- '11. l The material Aof which thisshingle is formed is what is known as felt paper, and preferably of aWool felt composition, impregnated with asphaltum or other hydrocarbonand covered on one of its surfaces with sand or crushed vitreousmaterial, suchas slate, indicated by the dotted portion in Fig. 4. Thesand or other vitre ous coating adheres to the felt lpaper by thepresence of the asphaltum. The shingles of this shape are cut from asheet of the prepared felt paper vmaterial in the manner indicated inFig. 5, said sheets being of any desired length, the beginning andending of such cutting providing half" shingles corresponding to the endshingles, 411, 6a, `18a,- of Fig. 1, the same being necessary forfilling out the ends vof every alternate horizontal row at each end,though it is evident one or both ends 'of any row, will depend upon therelative width vof the' Shingles and length of the roof; and manifestlythese shingles may be cut to lit any roof.

Shingles ofthe character above described, when used in place 'ofrectangular shingles asa covering for aroof, and when laid insubstantiallyl the manner indicated in Fig. 1, the projecting or exposedlportions 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 will have al1 the appearance of the ordinary.rectangular shingles, so that the general appearance of the roof in itsthe concealed portions is materially different, as is also the surfacein respect to the fact that the pliability of the material penin apointed shape indicated at 10 by the tively joining with the parallelside edges 90 that whether said half shinglesv come upon` finishedcondition will be precisely the same;. but the actual construction withrespect to les,

kind or character such as employed :tor shin-v roofs. At the lower oreaves portion of. the root, there is a double layer of shingles 3 andZl, placed one upon the other but with the joints 11 staggered. The endsof either or both ot these layers of shingles are finished with the haltshingles such as 4J?.

These shingles are nailed together and to the reeling boards by nails13. rlhe juncture of the inclined edges 12 of adjacent shingles wherethey meet the narrow groove formed between the shingles by the edges l1,constitutes a definite line of points transversely along the length ofthe roof, and which act as a guide to the roofer in laying the neigtlayer of shingles 5 upon the upper layermd of the lower shingles. Thissame operation is repeated with each layer of shingles (i, T, 8, 9,etc.1 It is, however, to be understood that in laying each successiverow of shingles', the joints between the shingles are staggered withrespect to the shingles in the next preceding row, so that the joints ofall the rows are relatively staggered-with those y of adjacent rows.

Heretolore it has always been necessary in using rectangular shingles todraw a chalk line lengthwise o the roof at the proper number of inchesfrom the lower edge of the last laid row of shingles to act as a guideline in laying the next row or line of shingles above. This has to berepeated with every row of shingles. This is not o-nly tedious but it iscostly as taking up considerable time of the roofer which could be vmoreprofitably employed in applying the roofing shingles, and as it is donein the case of my improved shingles. In laying the successive rows olishingles embodying my improvements, the lower straight edge of theshingle is positioned so as to just come below the juncture of the sideedges l1 and 12 of the adjacent shingles, as will be clearly understoodby reference to Fig, l, and in this way there is no difficulty whateverin applying the shingles with absolute rcgularity.

It will further be seen that the narrow channel `formed by the adjacentedges 11 of the shingles of any row comes exactly in vertical alinementwith the point of' the shingle immediately below this channel, so thatthe greatest length of the portion 10 of said shingle is in direct line.with the alinement of the groove, so that if there is any tend' ency ofwater to blow upward through the groove, it will be guided in thedirection of the greatest length of roofing shingle. Furthermore7 theparallelism of the edges 11,

nor/onen providing a long narrow channel between the adjacent shingles,w1ll insure any tenddency of upward blasts to be guided in :straightdirect-ion towardthe point ot the shingle below and not laterally alongthe edges 1Q ot the upper shingles. lt will also be seen that the nails13, being driven through the body of the shingles a little above and toeach side of the channel formed by the edges 1l, firmly bind the edges'l2 of the superimposed shingles tightly upon the ends 10 of the undershingles, sov that any water that might be driven upward upon this end10 cannot work laterally between the shingles but must find its way downward and out to the same channel. As these shingles are of pliablematerial which, under the pressure of the nails, as well as under theirown weight when subjected to the heat of the sun, will. bend or changetheir shape, they set very closely upon each other and in between thesuccessive points 10 of adjacent shingles in the same row, as is clearlyindicated in Fig. 3, wherein it will be seen that the body of theshingle 7 bends down and rests upon the rooting boards in the spaceintermediate of the upper ends 10 ot' the shingles 6, 6; and likewise,the lateral-edges of the upper shingles S bend. downward to lit thedepressed portions of the body ot' the shingle 7. This produces aninterlocking of the parts which gives to the rooting structure as awhole, a very solid and rigid con struction. lldoreover, the curvatureof these lateral edges of the shingles S, Fig. 3, is such that if thewind is blowing transversely over the roof, it will be guided above thevertical grooves formed bythe edges 11 of adjacent shingles, and in thatmanner prevent the full action of the wind in backing up Water into thesaid grooves. By reference to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the points1() of each shingle are brought `down positively upon the rootingboards, and that the body of the next shingle above is held tightly tothis point, as indicated at 15, and as the others of the upper shinglesbend laterally over the point, asbefore explained,` it is seen that thepoints and body are very rigidly held against shifting and consequentlythe fewest number of nails possible are required to firmly secure theseshingles to the root.y After the rooting has been in use for some timeand the action of the suns heat, coupled with the weight of Vthe saturat d felt paper and covering, have become effective, the shingles willset into a close compactmass in which the contacting surfaces will bemore o-r less cemented by the asphaltum or other hydrocarbon compoundwhich may be used to impregnato the shingle. `As beto-re stated, therows of shingles would reduire the use of more or less ot' the halfshingle portions, such as 1l, G, 8,

to nish ed the end edges of the roof. lt is manifest that if the roof'were only as long as to extend to the last half shingle shown in Fig. lat the right-hand end, then in that event, there would be a half shingleconstruction on each of the rows 5 and 7, as well as on the rows 4, 6and 8, but this is a merev matter of architecture in proportioning thesize of the roof.

By employing two rows of shingles superimposed for the lower edge of theroofing covering, great strength is here provided, and at the same time,the joints of the lower shingles are made water-tight, but it will beobserved b reference to Fig. 2 that the greatest num er of shinglessuperimposed would -be three, namely at that place coming under theshingles of the row 6. .At all other places on the roof above thisplace, there are only two 'shingles superimposed above eachother,-`except at the edges adjacent to the nails. lVhere Vrectangularshingles are employed, the shingles would be four-ply instead ofthree-ply adjacent to the third row of shingles (corresponding toshingle 6)',5 and at all other places, the roof would be three-plywithout any benefits whatever.

A most important advantage of my improved rooling over the roofcoverings employing rectangular shingles, is thataside from the greaterstrength and economy inl the construction of the shingles and from thefacility withA which they maybe applied andV alined, my roofing isapproximately forty per cent. lighter than the roofing formed with therectangular shingles, and

this is most important in that it permits a' much lighter roofingfoundation, which Yaside from cheapness does not overload the framing ofthe house.

Heretofore,vas before stated, shingles of the material of which myshingles are composed, have been made in rectangular form, and asidefrom thefl'ifiwtthat such shingles require thirty-severi andthree-quarters per cent. more material to cover the same area of roofthan is required bymy improved shingles, the cost for packing andfreight is also reduced approximately one-third, so'that it may bereasonably. asserted that the use of my improvements secures a saving ofat. least forty per cent. of the cost of covering the same roof withrectangular shingles and at ,the same time provide a betteiyeovering.

I have shown the shingle as to proportion of the form that I prefer inpractice, namely, one in which the triangular or upper portion isapproximately two-thirds of the length of the shingle and the lower orrectangular portion approximately onethird of the length of the shingle,but the width 'may be varied somewhat from what is shown, if so desired,and While I have preferred to have the lower edge of it is neverthelessevident that the lower edges of these shingles might be trimmed forornamentation to give them a slightly irregular form, such as a downwardcurve, as indicated at I11b in Fig. 5,.such modification beingfor-ornamentation' and in no way affecting or varying the constructionin its'general characteristics or itsfunction in operation. Therefore,in using-.the words f rectangular portion'ofthe body, I have 'not usedit in exact sense, but as'indicating that portion. of the shingleembraced between the opposite parallel side edges lill' from the spiritof the invention, and vI there- 1 fore do not limit myself toanyrestriction Y in this respect, which may be employed by way ofornamentation.

Having now described my invention, wh at I claim as new and desire tosecure `by Letters Patent, is

I l. As an improved article of manufacture, a rooting shingle consistlngof a hotly having approximately one-third ofv its length made ofgeneral. rectangular 'form in plan and the remaining approximately ltwo-thirds of its length made of triangular form in plan, said bodycomposed of an integral felt sheetv material impregnated withhydrocarbon composition. y

2. As an improved article of manufacture, a rooting shingle consistingof a body having approximately one-third--of its Length,

made of general rectangular' form in plan and the remainingapproximately two-thirds of its length made of triangular' form in plan,said body composed of an integral felt sheet material impregnatedwith'hydrocarbon composition, and having `one of its surfaces coatedwith a vitreous material 1in afinely subdivided condition.

3. In a roof, the combination of a. suit- I able foundation, with aplurality of horizontal rows of shingles each composed of pliablefibrous material impregnated with hydrocarbon compound and havingapproximately one-third of its length of general rectangular form withparallel side edges and the remaining approximately' twothirds of thelength in triangular form,

said shingles arranged side by side in overlapping rows and with thevertical juncture spaces between the shingles of the adjacent rows instaggered relation andin vertical alinement'with the ointed upper endsof the underlying Shing es, and the lower edges of the approximatelyrectangular portions being extended just over the upper edges lof theparallel side edges and so as to cover the space between adjacenttriangular portions of the shingles in the rnext adjacent row belowfV 4.lna roof, the combination of a suitable ifoundation, with ya pluralityof horizontal.

rows of shingles each composed of pliable fibrous materialV impregnatedwith hydrocarbon compound and having approximately one-third of itslength of general rectangular `form with parallel side edges and the remaining approximately two-thirds of the length in triangular form, saidshingles arranged side by side in overlapping rows and with the verticaljuncture spaces between the shingles of the adjacent rows in staggeredrelation and in vertical alinement with the pointed upper ends of theunderlying shingles, and the lower edges of the approximatelyrectangular portions being extended just over the upper edges otl theparallel side edgesand so as to cover the space between adjacenttriangular portions ol the shingles in the next adjacent row below, andnails extending through the two overlapping rows of shingles and betweenthe upper ends ot the shingles of the second removed row below saidnails passing through the lower side parts of the triangular portions ofthe shingles ot one row and the upper or point ends of the sliinglesotlthe next row below.

5. In a roof, the combination of a suitable foundation, with a pluralityof horizontal rows of shingles each composed of pliable fibrous.material impregnated with hydrocarbon compound and hav-ing approximatelyonethird of its length of general rectangular form with parallel sideedges and the remaining approximately twothirds of the length intriangular orm,said shingles arranged side by side in overlapping rowsand with the vertical juncture ,spaces between the shingles of theadjacent rows in staggered relation and in vertical alinement with thepointed upper ends of the underlying shingles, and the lower edges ofthe approximately rectangular' portions being extendedjust over theupper edges of the parallel side edges andvso-as to cover the spacebetween adjacent triangular portions of the shingles in the nextadjacent row below, the triangular `body portions of thef shingles ofone row curved downward and resting upon the foundation at pointsintermediate of the triangular parts of the shingles of the next rowbelow so as to interylloclr, and nails-for nailing the shingles inpi'iis'to the foundation. i

foundation,

6. ln a roof, the combination of a suitable i with a plurality ofhorizontal rows 'of shingles each composed of pliable fibrous materialimpregnated with hydrocarbon compound and having approximately one-thirdof its length of general rectangular` form with parallel side edgesvand4the remaining approximately two-thirds of the length in triangularform, said shingles arranged side by side in overlapping rows and withthe vertical juncture spaces between the shingles of the adjacent rowsin stag gered relation and in vertical alinement with the pointed upperends of the underlying shingles, and thc lower edges of theapproximately rectangular portions being extended just over the upperedges of the parallel side edges and so as to cover the space betweenadjacent triangular port-ions of the shingles in the next adjacent rowbelow, the triangular body portions of the shingles of one row beingcurved downward and resting upon the foundation at points intermediateor the triangular parts or' the shingles of the next row below and theside parts of the general: rectangular body portions of the shingles ofthe next row above being curved downward upon said downwardly curvedtriangular' portions, so that the shingles ot the several rows interlockwith shingles of the rows above and below, and nails for securing'theshingles to the foundation.

7. In a roof, the combination of a suitable foundation, with a coveringconsisting of a series of horizontal rows of shingles each formed oflfelt paper impregnated with hydrocarbon compound and coated withviterous material and having said shingles made substantiallyrectangular at the bottom portion and triangular or pointed at the upperportion, the height of the upper portion being greatly inexcess ot' theheight of the lower portion said rows of shingles overlapping and theVertical spaces between ad jacent shingles of one row being staggeredwith respect to the vertical spaces of the adj aeeut rows, the bodyportions of the overlapping shingles being curved downward so as tointerlock laterally and vertically, and nails :t'cr securing theoverlapping shingles to the foundation.

In testimony of which invention, I hereunto set my hand.

CALVIN RUSSELL. lVt-nesses t LUND E. DEXTER, HENRY RUSSELL.

